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Games of the XXV Olympiad - Barcelona 1992
Date: 25 July - 9 August.
Nations: 169.
Athletes: 9,367 (6,659 men, 2,708 women).
Sports: 28.
Events: 257.
Official opening of the Games by:
His Majesty King Juan Carlos I.
Olympic flame:
- Antonio Rebollo (archery, paralympian).
Olympic oath:
- Luis Doreste Blanco (sailing).
Official oath: - Eugeni Asencio (football).
Number of medal-winning nations: 64.
National medal total:
1. EUN (USSR) 112 (45, 38, 29).
   
                   
      The EUN team was made up from the athletes of 12 former USSR republics (without Baltic republics of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia who participated independently for the first time after the Second World War).
For the first time since 1964 the Games feature Germany’s team comprising “both” Germanies (German Democratic Republic ceased to exist). The Games also saw the participation of South Africa’s athletes after 32 years, as they were excluded from the Olympic movement due to their government’s policy of apartheid.
Slovenia and Croatia debuted at the Games.
For the fist time, the US basketball team consisted of the NBA superstars and easily won the tournament, as the title defender, Yugoslavia, was banned from the Games.
Winning the 10,000m race, Derartu Tulu (Ethiopia) became the first black African female Olympic champion.
Yugoslavia participated with 52 athletes in individual sports (due to the UN sanctions the teams were not allowed to take part) and won 3 medals in shooting (0, 1, 2) under the Olympic flag and the name of "Independent Olympics Participants". The same name was used by the athletes of Macedonia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, whose National Olympic committees were not admitted to the IOC.

Candidate cities: Amsterdam, Belgrade, Birmingham, Brisbane and Paris.

 
The most successful athlete:
Vitaly Scherbo (EUN), six golds (four in one day)iri u jednom danu) 		 
               
      INDEPENDENT OLYMPICS PARTICIPANTS

“Resolution 757” of the UN Security Council of 31 May 1991 introduced sanctions against Yugoslavia. Two paragraphs referred to the sports:
paragraph 8 b: “Take the necessary steps to prevent the participation in sporting events on their territory of persons or groups representing the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)”;
paragraph 11: “Calls upon all States, including States not members of the United Nations, and all international organizations, to act strictly in accordance with the provisions of the present resolution, notwithstanding the existence of any rights or obligations conferred or imposed by any international agreement or any contract entered into or any licence or permit granted prior to the date of the present resolution”.
Calling upon the Olympic Charter and Olympic principles, the IOC’s autonomy and the Games’ universality proved to be paltry arguments. Finally, on 21 July, a compromise was made – the Yugoslav athletes would be allowed to participate only as individuals, only in individual events, under the IOC symbols (white sportswear, present of the IOC, Olympic flag and Olympic anthem).
Simultaneously in Yugoslavia raged a widespread public debate: whether to participate without national symbols in individual sports or not. “We are going to the Games” was the only possible decision in accordance with the notion that the politics must not influence the sports. The IOC proved to be the only true ally of the Yugoslav athletes and aided them in breaking out of a sporting ghetto.
Although they have qualified, the men’s water polo team, the women’s basketball team, the men’s and women’s handball teams did not go to Barcelona. The men’s basketball team had decided earlier on not to take part in the Barcelona Games, because they had missed the qualification tournament because of the sanctions. At the last moment it was decided that the Yugoslav 4 x 400m relay was ineligible for the Games as it was also a team, but the cyclists were allowed to compete in the team pursuit. Many interpreted this with the fact that “the fastest white relay” competed for high ranking (at the 1991 World Championships in Tokyo they had won fourth place, or rather had lost the third), while the cycling team could not really surprise.
The Yugoslav athletes did not take part either in the opening or the closing ceremonies of the Games, the latter of which they were invited to, but a special plane took off before the actual beginning of the Games’ closing ceremony. 		     
               
     

SPORTS (28)

    
 		  
     
  • Aquatics1
  • Athletics
  • Badminton
  • Baseball
  • Boxing
  • Rowing
  • Cycling
  • Weightlifting
  • Sailing
  • Canoe/kayak
  • Basketball
  • Equestrian
  • Fencing
  • Modern Pentathlon
  • Volleyball
  • Basque Pelota2
  • Wrestling
  • Rink-hockey2
  • Handball
  • Table tennis
  • Archery
  • Shooting
  • Taekwando
  • Tennis
  • Football
  • Hockey
  • Judo
   1 - swimming, diving, water polo and starting with 1984, synchronized swimming
2 - demonstration sports included at the suggestion of the Games’ host. 		 
             
     

NATIONAL MEDAL TOTAL

      
     
  Country Gold Silver Bronze
1. EUN 45 38 28
2. USA 37 34 37
3. GERMANY 33 21 28
4. CHINA 16 22 16
5. CUBA 14 6 11
6. SPAIN 13 7 2
7. SOUTH KOREA 12 5 12
8. HUNGARY 11 12 7
9. FRANCE 8 5 16
10. AUSTRALIA 7 9 11
11. ITALY 6 5 8
12. CANADA 6 5 7
13. GREAT BRITAIN 5 3 12
14. ROMANIA 4 6 8
15. CZESKOSLOVAKIA 4 2 1
16. DEMOCTARIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA 4 0 5
17. JAPAN 3 8 11
18. BULGARIA 3 7 6
19. POLAND 3 6 10
20. NETHERLANDS 2 6 7
21. KENYA 2 4 2
22. NORWAY 2 4 1
23. TURKEY 2 2 2
24. INDONESIA 2 2 1
25. BRAZIL 2 1 0
26. GREECE 2 0 0
27. SWEDEN 1 7 4
28. NEW ZEALAND 1 4 5
29. FINLAND 1 2 2
30. DENMARK 1 1 4
31. MOROCCO 1 1 2
32. IRELAND 1 1 0
33. ETHIOPIA 1 0 2
34. ALGERIA 1 0 1
35. ESTONIA 1 0 1
36. LITHUANIA 1 0 1
37. SWITZERLAND 1 0 0
38. JAMAICA 0 3 1
39. NIGERIA 0 3 1
40. LATVIA 0 2 1
41. AUSTRIA 0 2 0
42. NAMIBIA 0 2 0
43. SOUTH AFRICA 0 2 0
44. BELGIUM 0 1 2
45. CROATIA 0 1 2
46. IRAN 0 1 2
47. YUGOSLAVIA 0 1 2
48. ISRAEL 0 1 1
49. MEXICO 0 1 0
50. PERU 0 1 0
51. TAIWAN 0 1 0
52. MONGOLIA 0 0 2
53. SLOVENIA 0 0 2
54. ARGENTINA 0 0 1
55. BAHAMAS 0 0 1
56. COLOMBIA 0 0 1
57. GHANA 0 0 1
58. MALAYSIA 0 0 1
59. PAKISTAN 0 0 1
60. PHILLIPINES 0 0 1
61. PUERTO RICO 0 0 1
62. QUATAR 0 0 1
63. SURINAM 0 0 1
64. THAILAND 0 0 1
  For the first time medals were won by Lithuania, Namibia, Croatia, Israel, Slovenia, Malaysia, Qatar and EUN – Unified Team, i.e. ex-USSR shy of the Baltic republics.  
             
           
                   
             
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